# This list is a reformatted and slightly updated version of one
# compiled by Ross Beresford and posted to rec.puzzles.crosswords in
# 1992. That post can be found here:
#
# http://groups.google.com/group/rec.puzzles.crosswords/msg/09ddc2e84abbe18a
#
# I'm maintaining this list in a git repository that can be found on
# github:
#
# https://github.com/mhl/cryptic-crossword-indicators-and-abbreviations/
#
# Please let me know if you think something should be added to this list.
#
# Those words marked with * are generally only found in advanced cryptic
# crosswords and those marked with + are regarded as unsound by some.
#
a: Austria
a: I
a: academician
a: accepted
a: ace
a: acre
a: active
a: adult
a: advanced
a: afternoon
a: aleph
a: alpha
a: alto
a: amateur
a: ampere
a: an
a: ane
a: angstrom
a: answer
a: ante
a: are
a: articles
a: associate
a: atomic
a: ay
a: aye
a: before
a: blood group
a: bomb
a: effect
a: examination
a: fifty
a: film
a: first character
a: first class
a: first letter
a: five hundred
a: five thousand
a: good
a: high class
a: it
a: key +
a: level
a: midday
a: note +
a: one *
a: paper
a: per
a: road
a: strings
a: string
a: un
a: unit
a: violin string
a: vitamin
a: year
aa: motoring organisation
ab: able seaman
ab: hand
ab: rating
ab: sailor
ab: salt
ab: seaman
ab: tar
abbe: priest (French)
abe: Lincoln
abel: first victim
abel: murder victim
abel: second child
abel: third man
able: can
able: expert
abo: native
abs: brakes
ac: account
ac: accountant
ac: aircraftsman
ac: alternating current
ac: before Christ
ac: before food
ac: bill
ac: current
aca: accountant
acas: peacemakers
acc: account
acc: bill
ace: card
ace: champion
ace: expert
ace: one
ace: pilot
ace: service
ace: winner
act: decree
act: performance
actor: tree
ad: Christian era
ad: advertisement
ad: after date
ad: before the day
ad: contemporary
ad: in the modern age
ad: in the year of our Lord
ad: modern times
ad: notice
ad: now
ad: nowadays
ad: our time
ad: our era
ad: period
ad: present day
ad: promotion
ad: puff
ad: era
ad: this era
ad: today
adam: first character
adam: first person
adam: number one
add: sum
add: tot
aden: port
admin: management
admin: running
ado: business
ado: difficulty
ado: fuss
ado: row
ado: trouble
ae: aged
ae: poet
aet: aged
ag: silver
aga: Muslim leader
age: long time
age: time
age: mature
age: period
agent: spy
agm: annual meeting
agm: meeting
agm: yearly meeting
ai: ace
ai: capital
ai: first class
ai: good
ai: high class
ai: main road
ai: sloth
aia: actuary
ail: trouble
ain: own (Scottish)
air: appearance
air: display
air: song
air: tune
aire: river
ait: island
al: Alabama
al: Alan
al: Albania
al: Albert
al: Capone
al: aluminium
al: gangster
al: one pound
ala: Alabama
ala: after the style of
ala: in the style of
ala: to the (French)
ala: wings
alas: Alaska
alb: one pound
alb: vestment
ale: beer
aleph: Hebrew letter
ali: the greatest
all: completely
all: everybody
all: everything
alp: mountain
alp: peak
alph: river
alpha: Greek letter
alpha: beginning
alpha: first character
alpha: first letter
am: America
am: American
am: I am
am: admitting
am: boasting
am: half day
am: hymns
am: in the morning
am: morning
am: self-confessed
amen: final word
amen: last word
amer: American
ammo: missiles
amos: bookmaker
amp: one member
an: I
an: articles - English
an: before
an: if
an: if (old word)
an: one *
an: un
ana: tales
ane: I
ane: one
ankh: life symbol
anne: princess
anon: now
ans: answer
ans: brief reply
ans: collection
ans: short answer
ant: if it
ant: if it (old word)
ant: six-footer
ant: social worker
ant: soldier
ant: worker
ape: copy
ape: primate
aq: water
ar: arab
ar: army regulation
ar: arrive
ar: arrival
ar: year of reign
ara: academician
ara: artist
ara: painter
arab: horse
arc: curve
argo: old ship
aria: song
arm: gun
arm: limb
arm: member
arr: arrive
arr: arrival
art: contrivance
art: craft
art: cunning
art: painting
art: skill
as: Anglo-Saxon
as: ayes
as: ays
as: like
as: one's
as: specifically
as: when
ash: remains
ash: tree
asia: continent
aside: one fifteen
asis: existing state
asp: snake
ass: donkey
ass: fool
asti: wine
ate: goddess
ate: mischief
athena: goddess
ation: at one on
atoll: bikini
au: gold
au: to the (French)
auc: old way of dating (Ab Urbe Condita)
aus: Australia
aux: to the (French)
av: bible
av: lived so long
ave: average
ave: greeting
ave: hail
ave: road
ave: way
aver: average
avon: county
awn: beard
ay: I
ay: agreement
ay: always
ay: ever
ay: yes
aye: I
aye: I say
aye: agreement
aye: always
aye: ever
aye: yes
az: Azed
az: scope, plenty of
b: Bach
b: barrel
b: barrels
b: bass
b: Beethoven
b: Belgium
b: Brahms
b: Britain
b: British
b: a follower
b: bachelor
b: baron
b: bedbug
b: bee
b: bel
b: beta
b: beth
b: bishop
b: black
b: blood group
b: bloody
b: book *
b: born
b: boron
b: bowled
b: boy
b: breadth
b: inferior
b: key +
b: magnetic flux
b: note +
b: paper
b: second
b: second class
b: second letter
b: soft
b: three hundred
b: three thousand
b: vitamin
ba: Bachelor of Arts
ba: airline
ba: bachelor
ba: barium
ba: degree
ba: graduate
ba: scholar
bac: airline
bacon: philosopher
ban: curse
ban: outlaw
ban: prohibition
bar: Inn
bar: lawyers
bar: prevent
bar: save
barb: horse
bat: fly-by-night
bb: bees
bb: books
bb: very black
bc: ancient times
bc: before Christ
bc: period
bd: beady
bd: bound
bd: cleric
bd: theologian
be: exist
be: live
bea: airline
bear: speculator
bed: in bed
bee: buzzer
bee: group of workers
bee: six-footer
bee: social worker
bee: worker
bef: Gort's men
bef: Old Contemptibles
bess: queen
beta: Greek letter
beth: Hebrew letter
bi: double
bi: two
bi: vitamin
bird: prison
bis: two
bis: twice
bis: again
bit: chewed
bit: piece
biz: business
bk: book
bl: British company
bl: lawman
bl: lawyer
blue: Conservative
bm: British Museum
bm: doctor
bn: baron
bo: American man
bo: man
boa: snake
board: directors
bob: old shilling
bot: fly larva
bp: bishop
br: Britain
br: British
br: British Rail
br: bank rate
br: branch
br: bridge
br: brig
br: brother
br: brown *
br: lines
br: landline
br: railway
br: railways
br: trains
br: transport
bra: female support
bra: female supporter
bra: support
bra: undergarment
brass: money
brat: child
bren: gun
brer: rabbit
bridal: old wedding
bro: brother
bs: bees
bst: summer time
bst: summer
bull: American policeman
bull: gold
bus: transport
by: times
c: Celsius
c: centigrade
c: Charles
c: contralto
c: Conservative
c: Cuba
c: about
c: approximately
c: approx
c: around
c: cape
c: caput
c: carbon
c: caught
c: cedi
c: cent
c: centime
c: centi-
c: century
c: chapter
c: circa
c: cloudy
c: club
c: cold
c: college
c: complex number
c: copyright
c: coulomb
c: electrical capacity
c: hundred
c: hundred thousand
c: key +
c: lot
c: many
c: note +
c: roughly
c: sea
c: see
c: speed of light
c: spring
c: tap
c: vitamin
ca: about
ca: approx
ca: accountant
ca: approximately
ca: calcium
ca: roughly
ca: cases
cab: transport
cade: conspirator
cain: first murderer
cain: killer
cain: murderer
cal: California
cam: river
can: able to +
can: is able to +
can: prison
can: vessel
cantuar: archbishop
cap: chapter
cap: international
car: carat
car: transport
carnation: motor race
cart: transport
cat: jazz fan
cato: censor
cato: plotters' street
cattle: neat
cave: warning
cb: Seabee (American)
cc: county council
cc: seas
cc: small measure
cc: small quantity
cc: two hundred
cd: diplomat
cd: record
cd: seedy
ce: Church of England
ce: church
ce: engineers
ce: this (French)
cent: money
cet: this (French)
ch: China
ch: Companion of Honour
ch: Switzerland
ch: award
ch: central heating
ch: champion
ch: chapter
ch: chief
ch: child
ch: church
ch: companion
ch: honour
ch: order
cha: tea
chai: gypsy woman
chair: president
chal: gypsy
char: daily
che: guerrilla
che: revolutionary
cher: dear (French)
chere: dear (French)
chi: Greek letter
ci: Channel Islands
ci: hundred and one
cia: secret service
cia: spies
cid: captain
cid: chief
cid: detectives
cid: police
cid: spanish hero
cinc: commander
cit: citation
cl: chlorine
cl: class
cl: clause
cl: gas
cl: hundred and fifty
co: Colombia
co: business
co: care of
co: cobalt
co: commander
co: commanding officer
co: company
co: county
co: firm
co: gas
co: carbon monoxide
co: house
co: objector
co: officer
cob: horse
cod: fish
cod: swimmer
col: neck
col: pass
cole: old king
colon: stop
com: commander
comb: hairdresser
composer: scorer
con: Conservative
con: against
con: party
con: politician
con: study
con: swindle
con: trick
con: with
cooler: prison
core: decentralise
corn: naval commander
cos: lettuce
cot: bed
cot: house
cow: lower
cow: daisy
cow: neat
cr: credit
cr: crown
cr: king
cs: Civil Service
cs: Czechoslovakia
cs: hundreds
cs: seas
ct: Connecticut
ct: carat
ct: caught
ct: cent
ct: centime
ct: court
ct: small weight
ct: weight
cu: copper
cu: see you
cue: queue
cur: dog
cure: priest (French)
cutie: pretty girl
cv: autobiography
cy: see why
d: penny
d: density
d: old penny
d: Dee
d: Democrat
d: Deutsch
d: Germany
d: Schubert's works
d: copper
d: damn
d: date
d: daughter
d: day
d: dead
d: died
d: deci
d: degree
d: delete
d: delta
d: deserted
d: deuterium
d: diameter
d: diamond
d: differential operator
d: director
d: drag
d: duke
d: electrical flux
d: five hundred
d: four
d: four thousand
d: hundreds
d: key +
d: lot
d: many +
d: mark
d: note +
d: notice
d: number
d: strings
d: string
d: violin string
d: vitamin
da: American lawyer
da: District Attorney
da: agreement (Russian)
da: dagger *
da: lawman
da: lawyer
da: yes (Russian)
da: outdated hairdo ("duck's arse")
dab: expert
dad: father
dad: old man
dail: Irish house
dam: barrier
dam: mother
dam: restrain
dame: lady
dan: tribe
das: articles - German
das: the (German)
dc: Washington
dc: current
dd: cleric
dd: days
dd: divine
dd: doctor
dd: doctor of divinity
dd: theologian
de: from (French)
de: of (French)
dean: good man
dec: Christmas period
dec: last month
decanter: Tantalus' prisoner
dee: river
deed: indeed
deed: legal document
deep: in the main
deep: main
deep: sea
deg: degree
del: of the (Italian)
dela: from the (French)
dela: of the (French)
demi: half
den: retreat
den: study
den: office
der: articles - German
der: the (German)
derby: horse race
des: of the (French)
det: detective
dg: director general
dg: chief executive
di: double
di: five hundred and one
di: princess
di: two (double)
die: articles - German
die: the (German)
dime: 12.5 cents
dior: designer
dis: Hell
dis: Pluto
dis: underworld
disc: circle
disc: record
disc: ring
dish: pretty girl
dit: named
dit: reported
dit: said (French)
dit: say (French)
diy: amateur's department
dk: Denmark
dm: mark
do: the same
do: same
do: act
do: cheat
do: cook
do: ditto
do: note
do: party
do: work
dodo: double act
doh: note
don: fellow
don: nobleman
don: put on
don: university teacher
down: county
dr: debtor
dr: dead reckoning
dr: doctor
dr: dram
dr: drawer
dr: healer
drake: bowler
dt: alcoholic state
dt: psychotic state
du: from the (French)
du: of the (French)
dutch: wife
e: Asian
e: Edward
e: Elizabeth
e: England
e: English
e: Spain
e: boat
e: bridge players
e: direction
e: earth
e: east
e: eastern
e: eight
e: eight thousand
e: energy +
e: epsilon
e: eta
e: five
e: five thousand
e: key +
e: layer
e: logarithm base
e: low grade
e: note +
e: orient
e: oriental
e: point
e: quarter
e: string
e: violin strings
e: violin string
e: two hundred and fifty
e: two hundred and fifty thousand
e: universal set
e: vacant
e: vitamin
ea: East Africa
ea: each
ea: river *
ea: running water
ea: water
ear: listener
ear: organ
ear: spike *
ear: word processor
earp: lawman
eat: Tanzania
ebor: archbishop
ec: London district
ec: city
ec: Ecuador
eccles: Cakesville
ed: Edward
ed: editor
ed: journalist
eden: garden
eden: old Prime Minister
eden: paradise
edison: inventor
edit: censor
ee: ease
eel: fish
eel: swimmer
eer: always
eer: ever
eer: invariably
eg: for example
eg: for instance
egg: bomb
egg: cocktail
egg: encourage
eight: rowing boat
ein: number one (German)
el: American railway
el: articles - Spanish
el: measure
el: printer's measure
el: small measure
el: the (Spanish)
eld: old age
eli: priest
eli: prophet
elia: writer
ell: four feet
ell: length
ell: measure
ely: city
ely: see
em: measure
em: printer's measure
em: small measure
em: small square
em: them
eme: uncle
en: measure
en: printer's measure
en: small measure
eng: England
eng: English
eng: modern journalism
ent: otorhinolaryngology
entry: record
eon: age
eon: time
ep: epistle
ep: record
er: Cockney girl
er: QE
er: difficulty
er: ever
er: hesitation
er: king
er: monarch
er: queen
er: royal badge
era: generation
erasmus: old scholar
ere: always
ere: before
ergo: so
eric: gradually
erie: lake
err: blunder
err: sin
err: wander
erse: Gaelic
es: French art
es: ease
esp: sixth sense
esp: telepathy
est: is (French)
et: Egypt
et: alien
et: and (French)
et: exotic
et: extraterrestrial
et: film
eta: Greek letter
eta: estimated time of arrival
eta: illegal army
eta: terrorists
ether: number
eton: college
eton: educational establishment
eton: school
etty: artist
eur: continent
eve: first lady
eve: first mate
eve: lady
eve: woman
ew: bridge partners
ew: partnership
ex: former
ex: from
ex: late
ex: one time
exe: river
eye: I
eye: spectator
eye: looker
eye: I say
eye: seer
eyot: island
ezra: pound
f: Fahrenheit
f: France
f: Friday
f: clef
f: farad
f: farthing
f: fathom
f: fellow
f: female
f: feminine
f: filly
f: fine
f: fluorine
f: folio
f: following
f: foot
f: force
f: forte
f: forty
f: frequency
f: gas
f: hole
f: key +
f: loud
f: noisy
f: note +
f: strong
f: vitamin
f: woman
fa: football
fa: note
fah: note
fal: river
fare: China area (Far East)
fast: firm
fe: iron
fed: American detective
ff: folios
ff: followings
ff: fortissimo
ff: very loud
ff: very strong
fia: actuary
fig: small illustration
fir: tree
firm: business
firm: company
fist: duke
fl: flourished
fla: Florida
flower: bloomer
flu: illness
fo: Foreign Office
fo: folio
fob: free on board
foc: free of charge
fol: folio
fool: dessert
foot: infantry
for: free on rail
force: police
fore: warning
four: rowing boat
fr: French
fr: father
fr: fragment
fr: franc
fr: frequently
ft: feet
ft: foot
ft: newspaper
ft: measure
fz: forced
g: Gauss
g: George
g: Germany
g: agent
g: clef
g: four hundred
g: gamma
g: gamut
g: gee
g: girl
g: gram
g: gramme
g: grand
g: gravity
g: guinea
g: gulf
g: key +
g: man
g: midnight
g: note +
g: string
g: strings
g: suit
g: thousand
g: thousand
g: violin string
g: violin strings
g: weight
g-man: American detective
ga: Georgia
gab: gift
gad: tribe
gael: Gaelic
gal: girl
gam: whales
gar: fish
gat: gun
gate: old goat
gb: Great Britain
gb: our islands
ge: earth
gee: horse
gee: little horse
geiger: counter
gel: jelly
gen: Genesis
gen: general
gen: information
gen: low down
gent: fellow
george: pilot
gg: Gee-gee
gg: horse
gg: little horse
gi: American soldier
gi: doughboy
gi: fighter
gi: government issue
gi: private
gi: serving man
gi: soldier
gladiator: old fighter
glc: capital authority
gm: counter
go: bargain
go: energy
go: in good condition
go: ready
go: success
go: traffic signal
go: work
goc: general
gotham: New York
gp: doctor
gr: Greece
gr: Greek
gr: King George
gr: George
gr: grain
gr: grammar
gr: gramme
gr: grouse
gr: king
gr: small weight
gr: weight
grant: general
grass: informer
grist: miller's corn
grs: gunmen
gs: general service
gs: general staff
gt: fast car
gt: sports car
gu: guinea
gu: old fiddle
gue: old fiddle
h: Dirac's constant
h: Hungary
h: Planck's constant
h: bomb
h: gas
h: hand
h: hard
h: heart
h: height
h: henry
h: horse
h: hospital
h: hot
h: hour
h: house
h: husband
h: hydrant
h: hydrogen
h: tap
h: two hundred
h: two hundred thousand
h: vitamin
ha: half ditch
ha: laugh
ha: this year
haha: ditch
haha: laugh
hair net: lock keeper
ham: actor
ham: poor actor
han: Chinese dynasty
hand: worker
has: bears
haw: hedge
he: high explosive
he: explosive
he: His Excellency
he: ambassador
he: excellency
he: gas
he: governor
he: helium
he: legate
he: male
he: our man
he: the man
head: point
hearth: hard ground
hebe: goddess
hebe: cup holder
hehe: laugh
hen: female
hen: layer
her: female
her: the woman's
her: woman
herb: simple
hf: half
hg: Dad's army
hg: mercury
hh: very hard
hh: the pope
hi: greeting
hi: hello
hic: here in Rome
hic: this (Latin)
him: male
hm: Her Majesty
hm: His Majesty
hm: king
hm: queen
ho: house
hon: unpaid
hou: 45 minutes
our: 45 minutes
hobo: tramp
hock: prison
hol: short break
hp: hire purchase
hp: never-never
hr: hour
hs: here is
ht: high tension
hun: German
hun: barbarian
i: Italy
i: a
i: an
i: ane
i: ay
i: aye
i: che
i: electrical current
i: eye
i: first person
i: imaginary number
i: individual
i: iodine
i: iota
i: island
i: line
i: lunchtime
i: number one
i: one
i: single
i: square root of -1
i: straight line
i: un
i: unit
i: upright
i: yours truly
ia: Iowa
iam: I am
iam: admitting
iam: afternoon
iam: boasting
iam: early morning
iam: self-confessed
ian: Scot
ian: Scotsman
ians: one answer
ib: in the same place
ib: same place
ibid: in the same place
ic: I see
ic: hundred
ic: in charge
ic: ninety nine
ice: diamond
ice: diamonds
ice: hard water
iceni: old people
id: I had
id: I would
id: fish
id: genius
id: identification
id: instinct
id: same
id: that (Latin)
ida: princess
ide: fish
idem: said
ie: that is
ie: that's
if: condition
if: provided
if: providing
ign: gin cocktail
ign: sling
ii: eleven
ii: eyes
ii: two
il: Israel
il: articles - Italian
il: one pound
il: the (Italian)
ilb: one pound
ill: I shall
ill: will
ill: Illinois
ill: badly
ill: unwell
im: I am
im: admitting
im: boasting
im: self-confessed
imp: little devil
imp: mischevious child
imp: one member
impi: soldiers
in: at home
in: batting
in: elected
in: fashionable
in: favoured
in: in fashion
in: not out
in: playing
in: trendy
in: wearing
ina: princess
inch: island
ind: India
ine: oriental
ing: gin cocktail
ing: sling
inn: local
insect: six-footer
inst: this month
intens: decimally
io: cry of triumph
io: joyful cry
io: maiden
io: ten
io: triumphant cry
ioc: dime (American)
iom: Isle of Man
iom: island
iom: man
ion: number one returning
iota: Greek letter
ious: credit notes
ious: promises to pay
ip: trivial sum
ir: Iran
ira: illegal army
ira: terrorists
ire: anger
ire: rage
irl: Ireland
is: Iceland
is: ayes
is: ays
is: eyes
is: island
is: one's
isis: goddess
isis: river
isle: man
ism: doctrine
ism: theory
iss: exists
ist: first
it: Italian
it: sex appeal
it: the thing
iv: four
iv: ivy
iv: tea-time
ive: I have
ix: nine
j: Jack
j: Japan
j: heat
j: jay
j: joule
j: judge
j: justice
j: knave
j: one
j: pen
j: square root of -1
ja: Jamaica
ja: agreement (German)
ja: yes (German)
jack: sailor
jack: salt
jack: seaman
je: I, being French
je: In Paris, I
jo: little woman
jo: sweetheart
job: bookmaker
jock: Scot
jock: Scotsman
joe: American soldier
jolly: Marine
jug: prison
k: Kay
k: Khmer Republic
k: Kirkpatrick
k: Koechel
k: Mozart's works
k: Scarlatti's works
k: constant
k: kappa
k: kelvin
k: kilo
k: king
k: knight
k: monarch
k: potassium
k: thousand
k: twenty
k: twenty thousand
k: two hundred and fifty
k: vitamin
ka: double *
ka: genius *
ka: individuality
key: opener
kg: cagey
kine: cattle
kine: neat
kine: ox
kish: graphite
kl: kale
km: kilometre
kn: cayenne
knee: bender
ko: decisive blow
ko: feller
ko: kick off
ko: knock out
ko: stunner
kr: krypton
kt: knight
kv: cave
kv: beware
kv: cavy
ky: Kentucky
l: Labour
l: Liberal
l: Luxembourg
l: angle
l: apprentice
l: corner
l: el
l: elevated railway
l: ell
l: fifty
l: fifty thousand
l: half century
l: hand
l: inductance
l: inexperienced driver
l: lambda
l: lake
l: lambert
l: large
l: latin
l: latitude
l: league
l: learner
l: learning
l: left
l: length
l: licentiate
l: line
l: lira
l: lire
l: litre
l: live
l: long
l: lumen
l: luminance
l: many +
l: money
l: new driver
l: novice
l: number plate
l: one pound
l: overhead railway
l: port
l: pound
l: pupil
l: railway
l: side
l: sovereign
l: student
l: trainee
l: tyro
l: vitamin
la: Los Angeles
la: Louisiana
la: articles - French
la: articles - Italian
la: articles - Spanish
la: look *
la: note
la: the (French)
la: the (Italian)
la: the (Spanish)
lab: Labour
lab: laboratory
lab: party
lab: politician
lab: science centre
lac: aircraftsman
lac: hundred thousand
lah: note
lakh: hundred thousand
lam: beat
lam: pound
lambda: Greek letter
lamed: Hebrew letter
lar: Libya
lar: God
lar: housekeeper
laud: archbishop
lay: song
lb: one pound
lb: pound
le: articles - French
le: the (French)
lea: field
lear: king
lee: general
leg: limb
leg: member
leg: on
leg: support
lei: flowers
lei: wreath *
lely: artist
lent: advanced
les: articles - French
les: the French
let: allow
let: allowed
let: hindrance
let: permit
let: permitted
let: service
let: with a tenant
lewis: gun
ley: field
lh: left hand
li: fifty one
lib: Liberal
lib: book
lib: party
lib: politician
limn: old paint
line: shipping company
ling: fish
ling: heather
ling: swimmer
lips: mouthpiece
lips: speakers
lis: flower
lit: drunk
lit: loaded
lit: settled
ll: ells
ll: els
ll: fifty pounds
ll: fifty-fifty
lner: old railway
lo: look
lo: see
loch: lake
log: maths function
log: record
loo: office
los: articles - Spanish
loser: fabulous hare
lot: large amount
loti: first item in sale
lower: cow
lowing: neat sound
lp: long playing
lp: record
ls: ells
ls: els
lso: orchestra
lt: Lieutenant
lt: officer
lt: subaltern
lud: old king
lum: chimney (Scottish)
lv: meal ticket
m: Bond's boss
m: French man
m: Malta
m: Monday
m: em
m: lot
m: maiden
m: maiden over
m: male
m: man
m: many +
m: money
m: mare
m: mark
m: married
m: masculine
m: mass
m: master
m: measure
m: medium
m: member
m: meso-
m: meta-
m: meter
m: metre
m: midday
m: mile
m: modulus
m: monsieur
m: month
m: moon
m: motorway
m: mu
m: noon
m: roof
m: small square
m: spymaster
m: thousand
m: vitamin
ma: Master of Arts
ma: academic
ma: degree
ma: educated man
ma: graduate
ma: master
ma: mother
ma: old woman
ma: scholar
mab: fairy queen
mab: queen
mac: Scot
mac: Scotsman
main: deep
main: sea
mal: bad French
mam: mother
man: cove
man: Friday
man: fellow
man: fighter
man: hand
man: husband
man: island
man: piece
man: soldier
man: worker
manifesto: show-ring
mass: Massachusetts
mass: service
maxim: gun
may: can
mayo: tree ring
mb: doctor
mb: mark of the beast
mb: 666
mc: master of ceremonies
mc: medal
md: doctor
md: one thousand five hundred
me: first person
me: note
me: number one
mel: honey
men: people
men: soldiers
ment: intended
ment: meant
ment: on purpose
ment: understood
mer: sea (French)
met: New York opera
met: police
mg: magnesium
mi: main road
mi: motorway
mi: note
mig: aeroplane
mill: economist
min: half minute
min: thirty seconds
ming: Chinese dynasty
ming: china
mini: car
miss: Mississippi
mm: French men
mm: ems
mm: medal
mn: Merchant Navy
mo: Missouri
mo: doctor
mo: half minute
mo: month
mo: second
mo: short time
mo: time
mo: way of working
mog: cat
mon: Monday
mon: Scot
mon: Scotsman
moo: low
moo: neat sound
mos: months
moses: lawgiver
mot: car test
mot: test
moth: fly-by-night
mp: fairly quiet
mp: member
mp: member of parliament
mp: military police
mp: mounted police
mp: mountie
mp: mounties
mp: policeman
mp: politician
mp: representative
mph: rate
mph: speed
mps: chemist
mr: mister
ms: ems
ms: handwriting
ms: manuscript
ms: paper
ms: text
ms: writing
mss: manuscripts
mss: papers
mt: hill
mt: mountain
mtb: torpedo boat
mu: Greek character
mu: Greek letter
mum: mother
mum: quiet
mum: silence
mur: wall (French)
mutt: dog
my: gracious me
n: Avogadro's number
n: Norway
n: born
n: bridge players
n: direction
n: en
n: gas
n: half an em
n: indefinite number
n: knight
n: midday
n: name
n: national
n: nationalist
n: neper
n: neuter
n: neutral
n: new
n: newton
n: ninety
n: ninety thousand
n: nitrogen
n: noon
n: north
n: northern
n: note
n: noun
n: nu
n: number
n: point
n: pole +
n: quarter
n: unfavourable aspect
n: unknown number
n: unlimited number
na: North America
na: no (Scottish)
na: not (Scottish)
na: sodium
nae: no (Scottish)
nae: not (Scottish)
nag: horse
nag: little horse
nat: born
nation: people
nation: race
national: horse race
nb: nota bene
nb: note
nco: non-commissioned officer
nco: sergeant
nd: North Dakota
nd: no date
nd: not dated
ne: Durham area
ne: Humberside
ne: Tyneside
ne: born
ne: bridge opponents
ne: gas
ne: neon
ne: north-east
ne: not
ne: not (old word)
ne: quarter
neat: cattle
neat: ox
ned: donkey
ned: little horse
nee: born
nemo: submariner
ness: head
ness: loch
ness: point
net: capture
net: fabric
net: pure
ney: Marshal
ney: soldier
ney: painter
ng: no good
ni: Northern Ireland
ni: Ulster
ni: nickel
nib: writer
nick: prison
nie: close (old word)
nie: close
nie: near (old word)
nie: near
nil: love
nil: nothing
nim: game
nitre: chemical
nitre: fertiliser
nj: New Jersey
nl: not clear
nl: not far
nl: not permitted
nn: ens
no: New Orleans
no: indefinite number
no: not out
no: number
no: play (Japanese)
no: refusal
noh: play (Japanese)
noi: leading
noi: no one
noi: number one
non: no (French)
nose: informer
np: North Pole
np: pole
ns: bridge partners
ns: ens
ns: not specific
ns: partnership
nt: Holy Writ
nt: New Testament
nt: Northern Territories
nt: book
nt: books
nt: good book
nt: part of Bible
nt: preservationists
nt: scriptures
nu: Greek character
nu: Greek letter
nu: name unknown
nu: unidentified
num: miners
number: anaesthetic
nun: bluetit
nurse: shark
nus: dawn
nus: students' union
nus: students
nut: teachers
nv: envy
nw: Merseyside
nw: bridge opponents
nw: north-west
nw: quarter
ny: Gotham
ny: New York
o: Ohio
o: around
o: aught
o: bald patch
o: ball
o: blob
o: blood group
o: cavity
o: cipher
o: circle
o: circuit
o: circular letter
o: dial
o: disc
o: duck
o: egg
o: eleven
o: eleven thousand
o: empty
o: examination
o: full moon
o: gas
o: globe
o: gulf
o: hole
o: hollow
o: hoop
o: loop
o: love
o: naught
o: nil
o: no
o: nothing
o: nought
o: oh
o: omicron
o: opening
o: orb
o: ortho-
o: ought
o: owe
o: oxygen
o: pellet
o: ring
o: round
o: spangle
o: zero
oaks: horse race
oates: conspirator
ob: old boy
ob: Russian river
obe: award
obe: honour
obe: order
obi: witchcraft
obit: dead
obit: died
obit: final message
obit: last word
oc: commander
oc: officer commanding
od: supposed force
odo: bishop
oe: old English
oe: old Etonian
offa: old king
og: ogee
og: own goal
og: soccer blunder
oic: officer in charge
ok: acceptable
ok: all right
ok: approval
ok: authorisation
ok: correct
ok: fine
ok: okay
old man: captain
ole: cry of delight
om: award
om: honour
om: order
omega: Greek letter
omega: final letter
omega: final word
omega: last letter
omitting: skipping
on: about
on: acting
on: being broadcast
on: leg
on: on the menu
on: operating
on: performing
on: playing
on: drinking
one: lunchtime
one: undivided
oo: castle
oo: duck's eggs
oo: ohs
oo: owes
oo: spectacles
oom: Dutch uncle
op: operation
op: opposite
op: opus
op: out of print
op: work
optic: seer
opus: work
or: alternative
or: alternatively
or: before *
or: gold
or: yellow
or: non-commissioned officers (other ranks)
or: men
or: soldiers
oral: examination
oral: test
ord: no way
ord: ring road
orion: hunter
orpheus: classical musician
ort: bit
ort: fragment
os: Ordinary Seaman
os: big
os: bone
os: large letters
os: ohs
os: old style
os: outsize
os: owes
os: sailor
os: very large
ost: east (German)
ot: Holy Writ
ot: Old Testament
ot: book
ot: books
ot: good book
ot: occupational therapy
ot: part of Bible
ot: scriptures
ou: Open University
oui: agreement (French)
oui: yes (French)
ouija: Franco-German agreement
ous: nothing to America
ouse: river
out: away
out: not at home
out: unfashionable
over: maiden
ox: bull
ox: neat
oxonian: dark blue
oy: oh, why
oz: ounce
oz: small weight
oz: weight
oz: wizard place
p: Celt
p: Kelt
p: Portugal
p: copper
p: four hundred
p: four hundred thousand
p: page
p: park
p: parking
p: participle
p: pawn
p: pea
p: pedal
p: pee
p: peg
p: penny
p: phosphorous
p: pi
p: piano
p: pint
p: poise
p: power
p: president
p: prince
p: quiet
p: small change
p: soft
p: softly
p: vitamin
pa: Panama
pa: father
pa: old man
pan: god
par: standard
para: Brazilian
para: airborne soldier
parent: source
part: leave
pas: dance
pas: step
pate: head
pawn: piece
pawn: chess piece
pawnbroker: uncle
pb: lead
pc: copper
pc: policeman
pe: Peru
pe: gym
pe: physical education
pe: training
peg: tee
pen: author
pen: enclosure
pen: prison
pen: writer
per: by
per: for each
per: through
pet: cherished
pet: favourite
pg: paying guest
ph: local
phi: Greek letter
pi: Greek character
pi: Greek letter
pi: confusion *
pi: good
pi: relationship
pi: religious
pi: upright
pier: mole
pin: number
pit: Hell
pitt: old Prime Minister
pl: Poland
pla: mountain retreat
play: the thing
pla: port authority
plato: philosopher
plo: illegal army
plo: terrorists
plot: garden
pm: Prime Minister
pm: afternoon
pm: half day
pm: in the afternoon
po: Italian flower
po: Italian banker
po: Post Office
po: order
po: airman
po: palladium
po: pole
po: river
polo: Merchant of Venice
poly: college
pony: twenty five pounds
pony: twenty-five pounds
pop: father
pop: old man
port: left
port: wine
pp: pages
pp: peas
pp: pees
pp: pianissimo
pp: very quiet
pp: soft
pp: sofly
pr: Puerto Rico
pr: Romans
pr: Roman people
pr: electoral system
pr: image building
pr: pair
pr: president
pr: price
pr: priest
pr: prince
pr: public relations
pr: two
pra: academician
pra: artist
pra: painter
pres: president
prison: bird
pro: expert
pro: for
pro: public relations officer
prof: academic
provos: terrorists
prox: next month
ps: footnote
ps: peas
ps: pees
ps: postscript
ps: second thoughts
pt: part
pt: physical training
pt: pint
pt: platinum
pt: point
pt: post town
pt: stop
pt: training
pub: local
pv: peavy
q: Celt
q: Kelt
q: Quebec
q: Queensland
q: boat
q: cue
q: electrical charge
q: farthing
q: five hundred
q: five hundred thousand
q: koppa
q: ninety
q: ninety thousand
q: quality
q: queen
q: query
q: question
q: queue
q: quintal
q: rational numbers
qp: kewpie
qp: doll
qt: cutie
qt: quart
qt: quiet
qu: quart
qu: queen
qua: as
quad: prison
que: what (French)
qui: who (French)
r: rabbi
r: Reaumur
r: Regina
r: Republican
r: Rex
r: Romania
r: Romeo
r: are
r: arithmetic
r: castle
r: eighty
r: eighty thousand
r: hand
r: king
r: monarch
r: month
r: queen
r: radius
r: rain
r: rand
r: rare
r: reading
r: real numbers
r: recipe
r: rector
r: resistance
r: rho
r: right
r: river
r: road
r: rontgen unit
r: rook
r: royal
r: run
r: side
r: take *
r: writing
ra: Royal Academician
ra: Royal Academy
ra: Royal Artillery
ra: academician
ra: academy
ra: artillery
ra: artist
ra: big guns
ra: gunmen
ra: gunner
ra: gunners
ra: painter
ra: soldiers
ra: sun
ra: sun god
ra: god
rab: Butler
rac: motoring organisation
race: people
rada: academy
raf: fliers
raf: service
rage: fashion
rain: waterfall
ram: butter
ram: music school
ram: sheep
ram: memory
ran: managed
ran: smuggled
ras: head
ras: prince
rat: art nouveau
rat: desert fighter
rat: desert
rat: deserter
rat: scab
rat: strikebreaker
rate: speed
rc: Roman Catholic
rc: church
rd: little way
rd: road
rd: way
re: Royal Engineer
re: Royal Engineers
re: about
re: again
re: concerning
re: engineer
re: engineers
re: note
re: over
re: religious education
re: sapper
re: sappers
re: soldiers
re: touching
re: troops
rebecca: Welsh riots
rec: recipe
rec: take
red: anarchist
red: bloody
red: cent *
red: communist
red: leftist
red: revolutionary
red: socialist
red: former squadron
regan: princess
regan: wicked sister
reine: French queen
rel: relative
reme: engineers
rene: French man
rep: agent
rep: salesman
rep: traveller
rep: cloth
res: old thing
resh: Hebrew letter
ret: soak
rete: network
rev: priest
rev: vicar
rex: cat
rg: argy
rg: argy-bargy
rh: right hand
ri: Rhode Island
ri: king emperor
ria: drowned valley
rib: wife
rid: clear
rid: free
ring: circle
rio: port
rip: final message
rip: last word
rip: corn
river: banker
river: flower
river: runner
rly: lines
rly: landline
rly: railway
rly: transport
rly: way
rm: Marine
rm: Royal Marine
rm: Royal Marines
rm: jolly
rm: old Irish magistrate
rm: resident magistrate
rm: service
rma: Sandhurst
rms: mailboat
rn: Navy
rn: Royal Navy
rn: fleet
rn: sailors
rn: service
ro: right hand
roc: fabulous bird
rock: diamond
rod: fast car
rod: pole
rod: sports car
roi: French king
roi: king (French)
rom: gypsy
rom: memory
rom: Romans
rom: traveller
rope: twenty feet
rose: flower
rosinante: poor horse
rot: corruption
rot: decay
rot: rubbish
row: line
rr: Right Reverend
rr: Rolls Royce
rr: ars
rr: bishop
rr: car
rsm: non-commissioned officer
rsm: warrant officer
rt: arty
rt: right
ru: football
ru: rugby
ruc: Irish police
rue: street (French)
run: manage
run: smuggle
rur: Capek's play
rv: bible
ry: landline
ry: lines
ry: line
ry: little way
ry: rail
ry: railway
ry: transport
ry: way
s: Bach's works
s: God's
s: Sabbath
s: Saturday
s: Schmieder
s: Sweden
s: as
s: bend
s: bob
s: bridge players
s: direction
s: dollar
s: es
s: ess
s: has
s: his
s: is
s: largesse
s: old Bob
s: old shilling
s: paragon
s: part of collar
s: point
s: pole +
s: quarter
s: saint
s: second
s: seven
s: seven thousand
s: shilling
s: side
s: siemens
s: sister
s: small
s: snow
s: society
s: son
s: sons
s: soprano
s: southern
s: south
s: space
s: spade
s: square
s: stokes
s: succeeded
s: sulphur
s: sun
s: us
sa: South Africa
sa: South America
sa: essay
sa: it
sa: sex appeal
sa: without date
sad: blue
sailor: able seaman
saint: paragon
salt: able seaman
sam: uncle
sas: soldiers
sat: Saturday
satin: dressmaker
sc: namely
sc: self-contained
sc: small capitals
sc: specifically
sc: that is
sc: viz
scot: fine
scot: tax
scr: scruple
sculptor: blockbuster
sd: South Dakota
sd: without a day fixed
sdp: nationalists
se: Home Counties
se: London Area
se: bridge opponents
se: quarter
se: south-east
sea: deep
sea: main
sec: dry
sec: second
sec: short time
sec: time
see: look
seed: children
semi: half
semi: house
sen: nurse
sent: ecstatic
set: group
set: put
set: ready
seth: fourth man
sgt: non-commissioned officer
sgt: sergeant
sh: hush
sh: quiet
sh: silence
sh: used
sh: second-hand
scrip: shares
she: woman
she: the woman
she: female
she: lady
she: novel
sherpa: mountaineer
si: South Island
si: agreement (Spanish)
si: note
si: silicon
si: yes (Italian)
si: yes (Spanish)
sib: relation
sic: thus
side: team
silk: dressmaker
sin: err
sin: evil
sin: without
sin: wrong
sine: maths function
sine: without
sir: knight
sir: gentleman
sis: sister
sly: tinker
sm: French king
sm: French queen
sm: king (French)
sm: non-commissioned officer
smith: economist
sn: Essen
sn: partnership
sn: tin
so: ergo
so: note
so: therefore
so: thus
so: well
soh: note
sol: note
sol: sun-god
som: county
some: approx
some: approximately
son: issue
sop: soprano
sos: appeal
sp: South Pole
sp: childless
sp: odds
sp: pole
sp: species
sp: starting price
sp: without children
spa: spring
spire: Oxford dreamer
spy: agent
spy: mole
square: unfashionable
sr: old railway
sr: senior
srn: nurse
ss: German soldier
ss: Sunday School
ss: liner
ss: saints
ss: ship
ss: steamship
st: good man
st: hush
st: little way
st: paragon
st: road
st: saint
st: silence
st: stokes
st: stone
st: street
st: stumped
st: thoroughfare
st: way
st: weight
stag: speculator
sten: gun
stet: don't change it
stir: prison
stop: traffic signal
sts: saints
sty: filthy place
stye: eyesore
su: Soviet Union
sub: U-boat
sub: stand-in
sub: substitute
sub: warship
sun: newspaper
supra: over
sure: certain
sw: Cornwall
sw: Devon
sw: bridge opponents
sw: quarter
sw: south-west
swift: screecher
swiss roll: jammed cylinder
sx: Essex
t: Thailand
t: Tuesday
t: bandage
t: bar
t: bone
t: cart
t: cloth
t: cross
t: crossed
t: half dry
t: hundred and sixty
t: hundred and sixty thousand
t: junction
t: model +
t: peg
t: perfect letter
t: plate
t: rail
t: shirt
t: short time
t: square
t: tau
t: te
t: tea
t: tee
t: tenor
t: tesla
t: the
t: time
t: ton
t: tonne
t: tritium
t: Troy
ta: Territorial Army
ta: army
ta: cheers
ta: reserves
ta: soldiers
ta: terriers
ta: territorials
ta: thank you
ta: thanks
ta: volunteers
tab: label
tace: silence
tag: label
tail: dog
tal: chess grandmaster
tan: beat
tan: brown
tan: bark
tan: maths function
tar: able seaman
tar: art nouveau
tar: sailor
tar: salt
tar: seaman
tat: rubbish
tata: Tosti's song
tata: goodbye
tate: gallery
tau: cross
tay: river
tb: torpedo boat
td: medal
te: Lawrence
te: note
tea: leaves
tec: detective
tec: busy
ted: Edward
ted: Heath
tee: peg
teen: old injury
tees: river
teg: young sheep
tell: archer
temp: secretary
ten: PM's address
tene: old injury
tent: wine
ter: three
ter: triple
ter: thrice
test: educational journal
test: examination
test: match
tet: offensive
teth: Hebrew letter
the: article
the: articles - English
ti: note
tic: note
tic: spasm
tic: twitching
tid: three times a day
tier: row
time: father
times: daily
timon: misanthrope
tin: can
tin: cash
tin: money
tin: vessel
tiny: small
tion: empty container
tit: bird
tit: inferior horse
tit: poor horse
tnt: big banger
tnt: explosive
to: tax officer
to: will
tod: fox
todo: commotion
toe: extremity
toe: member
tom: big bell
tom: cat
tome: book
ton: fashion
ton: fashionable people
ton: hundred
ton: large amount
ton: weight
tonne: weight
tor: hell
tor: hill
tor: mountain
tor: point
tor: prominence
tory: Conservative
tory: party
tory: politician
tp: teepee
tr: Turkey
tr: transaction
tr: translation
tram: transport
tree: actor
tres: very (French)
tri: three
tri: triple
tri: thrice
troy: ancient city
troy: old city
try: attempt
try: essay
ts: teas
ts: tees
tt: abstaining
tt: dry
tt: on the wagon
tt: race
tt: teas
tt: tees
tt: teetotal
tt: teetotaller
tt: thank you
tu: tradesmen
tum: corporation
tuck: friar
twelve: eec
two: company
u: Conservative
u: Uruguay
u: Utah
u: about turn
u: acceptable
u: bend
u: boat
u: educational establishment
u: ewe
u: film
u: for all to see
u: high class
u: on view to all
u: posh
u: socially acceptable
u: suitable for children
u: superior
u: trap
u: tube
u: turn
u: union
u: Unionist
u: universal
u: university
u: upper class
u: uppish
u: upsilon
u: uranium
u: yew
u: you
uc: you see
uff: fighters
uk: United Kingdom
uk: this country
uk: this island
ule: rubber
ult: last month
um: doubt
um: hesitation
un: United Nations
un: international
un: number one (French)
un: one
un: one (Dialect)
un: peacekeepers
una: number one (Italian)
unco: very (Scottish)
une: number one (French)
uno: international organisation
uno: number one (Italian)
up: at university
up: excited
up: in court
up: mounted
up: riding
up: superior
uq: you queue
ur: ancient city
ur: hesitation
ur: old city
ur: primitive
ur: you are
ure: river
uru: Uruguay
us: America
us: American
us: as above
us: ewes
us: no good
us: transatlantic
us: undersecretary
us: use
us: useless
us: unservicable
us: yews
us: you and me
usa: America
use: application
use: custom
use: employ
use: employment
use: practice
use: practise
ussr: Soviet Union
ut: note
ute: half minute
uu: ewes
uu: use
uu: yews
ux: wife
v: Vatican
v: against
v: agent
v: bomb
v: day
v: five
v: look
v: neck
v: neckline
v: notch
v: opposing
v: see
v: sign
v: vanadium
v: vee
v: velocity
v: verb
v: verse
v: versus
v: very
v: victory
v: vide
v: volt
v: volume
v: win
va: Virginia
vad: nurse
vale: farewell
vale: goodbye
vat: tax
vau: Hebrew letter
vb: verb
ve: victory
ven: ecclesiastical title (venerable)
ven: archdeacon
ver: rev up
very: light
vet: surgeon
vg: for example
vi: half dozen
vi: six
vis: power
vis: force
via: old way
vid: see
vid: tanner
vid: sixpence
vide: look
vide: see
vin: French wine
vip: big noise
vip: tanner
vip: sixpence
vir: man
vir: Roman
vis: viscount
vj: victory
vo: left hand
vol: book
vol: volume
vy: various years
w: Wednesday
w: Welsh
w: William
w: bridge players
w: direction
w: point
w: quarter
w: tungsten
w: watt
w: weak
w: week
w: west
w: western
w: whole numbers
w: wicket
w: width
w: wife
w: woman
ward: disadvantage
ward: drawback
washington: young feller
we: partnership
we: you and I
wee: little
wee: minor
wee: small
who: doctor
wi: Mayfair
wi: West Indies
wi: Westminster
winner: fabulous tortoise
wise: youth leaders
wist: knew
wist: knew (old word)
women: monstrous regiment
woof: bark
wt: small weight
wt: weight
x: Christ
x: PM's address
x: Xmas
x: across
x: body
x: chi
x: chromosome
x: cross
x: draw
x: ex
x: Exe
x: film
x: illiterate's signature
x: kiss
x: particle
x: ray
x: sign of love
x: sign of the times
x: spot marked
x: ten
x: ten thousand
x: thousand
x: times
x: unknown
x: vitamin
x: vote
x: wrong sign
x: xi
xc: ninety
xi: eleven
xi: side
xi: team
xl: excel
xl: extra large
xv: side
xv: team
y: alloy
y: chromosome
y: level
y: measure
y: moth
y: one hundred and fifty
y: one hundred and fifty thousand
y: track
y: unknown
y: why
y: yard
y: year
y: yen
y: young
y: yttrium
yard: detectives
yd: measure
ye: the (old word)
ye: the
ye: you (old word)
ye: you
yea: agreement
yew: tree
you: solver
yr: year
yr: your
ys: wise
ys: youth leaders
yt: that
yt: that (old word)
yu: jade
yule: you will, say
yy: wise
z: Zambia
z: bar
z: bend
z: cedilla
z: final letter
z: integers
z: izzard
z: last character
z: last letter
z: omega
z: seven
z: seven thousand
z: sound of sleep
z: unknown
z: zed
z: zee
z: zero
z: zeta
zo: cross *
zr: Zaire
zz: snoring
zz: sound of snoring
You can email me (Mark Longair)
at: 
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